ABSTRACT
This study unveils the influence of peer group on examination malpractice taking critical study of institute of Management and Technology, Enugu. The study adopted a cross- section survey design. A total of 1330 students were drawn as sample from the five schools that make up the institution. A questionnaire designed by the researcher and veted by experts was used to elicit information from the respondents. The questionnaire consists of two sections; the first section is the socio demographic data of respondents whereas the second section deals with the substantive issues. The test and re-test method was adopted validate the instrument. Research question and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The chi-square (×2 ) test statistic was applied.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the problem
Purpose of Study
Research Questions
Significant of the study
Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO: Review Literature
Empirical Review
Theoretical Review
Theoretical Framework
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
Study Area and population
Instrument of data collection
Validity of instrument
Reliability of Instrument
Administration of Instrument
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR:Data presentation and analysis
Research question 1
Research question II
Research question III
Research question IV
Hypothesis I
Hypothesis II
CHAPTER FIVE:Discussion conclusion,
And Recommendations
Discussion of findings
Recommendation
Limitation of the study
References
Appendix
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CHARPTER
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Socialization is a process whereby an individual is transformed from mere biological being into a social being Ekpenyoung (2008) noted that, there are agents of this process classified into primary and secondary agents. The first agent is the family which is the first contact with the new born. The family takes the responsibility of impacting the values and belief systems of the people until at a certain stage when the child begins to appreciate other persons rather than those in his or her immediate family. it is at this stage that the child begins to make contact with the secondary agent of socialization principal among them is the peer group.
Epkenyong (2008) affirmed that is within the peer group that the child learns and acquires additional skills for dealing with other people. The peer group takes from a clique which introduces the child to status and class value. During the adolescent years and as the child approaches adulthood, peers often compete with parents as guides to acceptable and unacceptable behavior and as sources of approval and disapproval. Moat often, peer group define the social status of an individual by making references to the achievement recorded by members of the group respectively. peer group respectively. peer group unconsciously evolve norms guiding their relationship and when a member deviates from those norms, he is treated as an out group member. It is often difficult for people to grow outside his or her peer group because of bio-social differences for one to get ones heart desire one cannot help but conform to group norms and gain acceptability.
On the other hand, examination is used to determine the suitability to a higher class or status in the educational system. Without examination, the capability of Students and pupils at every stage of education cannot be determined (Dienye 2004). Institutions of Learning; Whether formal or informal attaches great importance to examination. the teacher or instructors conducts examination for the learner. The examination or test could come in the inform of in- lesson question; a situation whereby a teacher evaluates the level of understanding of the lesson by randomly selecting questions and throwing them to the learner. It could also come inform of written or oral test at the end of the lesson or the entire academic exrcise which is usually periodical. Examination is conducted whether or not learning has taken place in the learner. A test is a set of questions, takes or problems intended to measure of the extent of knowledge, aptitude, intelligence on learners on a number of questions, jobs etc
(Ughamadu et al in Enyi 2006)
However, because of the obvious nimportance attached to examination by both the teacher, the leaner and the society at large, people tend to derail from the norms guiding the conduct of examination hence malpractice. people have always view failure in the examination as caused by the students alone without taking cognizance of other factors that could lead to failure. In order to avoid such ridicule, some Students uphold illegitimate means of passing the examination.
Asuka, (1977) defined examination malpractice as any deviant act that is perpetrated by a student, candidate or person (aiding a candidate) before, during and after an examination to be declared successful. For an act to be seen as malpractice; it must contravene the rules and regulations governing the conduct of the examination in question.
Taking a historical view of the beginning of examination malpractice in Nigeria, Dienye (2004) notes that as a deviant act, examination malpractice started being noticeable in 1970 May, June West African School Certificate Examination. Today, examination malpractice appears to have become a norm in virtually all the levels of education. It may not be over flogging this issue by saying that parents collaborate with teachers in the school to effect examination malpractices for the success of their children and for the success of their children and or wards in external examinations like the West African School Certificate Examination. In some higher institution of learning in Nigeria, students are graduated with powerful grades without proper acquisition of the expected knowledge by the graduates.
Consequently, a retrogressive society is reared through its supposed intellectuals that are meant to develop the society. Every student has close associates whom he or she interacts with on daily basis. Overtime, the interaction that exists between and among the students tend to bind them together in their respective cliques. Through this, associations, clubs and fraternities are formed. An injury to one is often seen as an injury to all.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Man is said to be product of the interaction that exist between and among individuals in the society. These interactions often lead to the formation of social groups which overtime evolves group culture. Peer group is such type of group unconsciously formed basically to meet with desiring needs of their members.
In view of that a fact deviant behavior is common in every society or social settings, educational institutions have always set out rules guiding the school and appropriate punishment equally defined for those rules and regulations. Prominent among such rules and regulations are those guiding the conduct of examination. Every institution of learning has some stringent measures attached to the conduct of examination. Ideally, such measures are quite imperative in view of the quality of graduates which bears the name of the institution where each student is trained. It is pertinent to note that inspite of these measures attached to examination conduct, students still engage in examination malpractice. Blames have often been levied on teachers, parents and supervisors without queering the relationship that exists between and among the students.
It is therefore the investigation of the relationship that exists among peer groups; how such relationship affects or perpetrate examination malpractice that informed the quest for the research.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of peer group on examination malpractice among students of institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu. Specifically,
a. To examine whether or not peer group have influence on examination malpractices
b. To find out the type of examination malpractices often perpetrated by peer groups as they exist in institute of management and Technology, Enugu
c. To discover whether or not peer group have influence on management decision on examination malpractice
d. To find out how the influence of peer group on examination malpractice be tackeled
Research question
The following research question will guide the study to find out the influence of peer group on examination malpractice among the students.
a. Do peer group have influence on examination malpractice?
b. What are the types of examination malpractices often perpeprates by peer groups?
c. To what extent has peer group influences affect the management decision on examination malpractice?
d. How would peer group influence on students examination malpractice be tackled in the higher institutions of learning
Significant of the Study
The study when completed would;
a. add to the existing knowledge and theories in education
b. Be of immense benefit to management of higher institutions of learning
C. Serve as compass for the study in selecting peers in school
d. Provide an enduring solution to examinations of learning
e. be of benefit to the security operatives hence examination malpractice is criminal
f. The society large stands to benefit because of the high standard and quality of graduates that produced for the laboure market
Scope of the Study
This study falls within the limit of investigating the relationship that exist among peer groups and how such relationship affect or influence examination malpractice.
This study is also intende to find out the consequences and methods of tackling examination malpractice among peer groups in our schools.
REFERENCES
Adesigbin V.O.B (1997) Examination Malpractice the Bane of an Educational system. Journal of Osun State all Nigeria conference of principals of secondary Schools. ANCOPS
Amali A.O and Omaji S.O (2005) violence and social vices. International of continuing education vol 5, No 4
Amechi; A.O. (2005) violence and social vice Among undergraduates in Nigeria Universities, Agricultural and science Education Departmentt University of Agricultural Markrudi
Agozie, K.N (2009) Examination malpractice Trend, causes, Effects and solution port Harcourt: S.U. Publishers
Asuka T.T (1977) Sociology of Nigeria Education, port Harcourrt Oness Books
Amadi, A.O. (2005) Violence and social vices among undergraduates in Nigeria Universities. Agricultural and science Education Department, University of Agriculture and Science Education Department, University of Agriculture Makrudi.
Akinpelu, J.A (1992) Society and Examination malpractices. Daily stttar March, 13 pu.
Oji Kutu, D.E (1987) Administration of Examination in Nigeria. Problems and solution
Asur V.A (1977) Examination Trends, cause, effect and solution port Harcourt: S.U. publishers
Babalola J.B. and Anyemi A.O (2006) Educational Management Theories and Tasks Mcmillian Nigeria Publishers Limited
Chukwukesi O. (1997) Over Examination Halls Sunday Time October 5 p. 15
Dienye V.U. (2004) Deviant Behaviour in Schools and society. A sociological Approach. Nigeria Eddy joe publishers
Enyi, G.S. (2006) Introduction to measurement and Evaluation in Universities, polytechnics and Colleges of Education. Enugu: Henson publishers
Ekpnyong S. (2003) Elements of Sociology port Harcourt. Davidstone publishers
Ezeah P.C. (2004) Foundations of Social Research methods Enugu: John Jacob’s publishes Ltd
Folain Yo, R. (1997) Examination Halls Sunday Time October, SP. 15
Mkpowu, L.N (1999) An investigation into the causes of Examination Malpractice in Nigeria education system, A cse study of IMT Enugu project presented tgo the Department of Business Education, IMT, Enugu
Nweke S.A. (2006) Principles of crime Prevention and Detection in Nigeria.
Obioha and Ihe (2007) Examination Malpractice: implication for quality education in Tertiary institution in Nigeria. Nigeria: NAEP publication
Ojedele P.K and Fodokun J.b (2009) Problems and Issues in higher Education in Nigeria. Nigeria: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers
Ojogbane V.I (2004) The child, the family and value inculcation. Journal of family development 2nd for family development
Okechukwu C.O (2008) Causes and problems of drug abuse among student in Enugu North Local Government
Onyechere; I. (1996) Examination Watch action Network. Vanguard November 29th
Orazuluike, N. (1998) Examination malpractice Sunday Star August 30 P. 10
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE
Section A: Sopcio demographic data of respondents
1. Sex A. Male ( ) B. Female ( )
2. Age
18 – 27 ( )
28 – 37 ( )
38 – 47 ( )
48 – 57 ( )
58 + ( )
3. Religion A Christianity ( ) B. Muslim ( ) C. Traditional ( ) D. Others, please Specify ……………..
4. Marital Status A Married ( ) B. Single ( ) C. Devoiced
( ) D. Widow/Widower ( )
Section B: Substantive issues
5. When were you admitted in the school A. One year ago
( ) B. Two years ago ( ) C. Three years ago ( ) D. Four years and above ( )
6. How would you rate assistance given to you by your friends when you were newly admitted in the school A. very helpful
( ) B. helpful ( ) C. Not helpful ( )
7. Do you consider it necessary to assist friends at all times? A.
( ) B. No ( )
8. friends should allow one another copy, exchange ideas or write examination for one another if there is the opportunity to do so A. Strongly agree ( ) B. Agreed ( ) C. Strongly disagree
( ) D. Disagree ( )
9. In case my friend is caught cheating during and after examination I will assist; even approaching the management if I can in order to free him or her A. strongly agree ( ) B. Agreed ( ) C. Strongly Disagreed ( ) D. Disagreed (
10. If a friend of mine refuses to allow me compy, exchange ideas, or write for me during an examination when he or she has the opportunity he or she ceases to be friend A. strongly agree
( ) B. Agreed ( ) C. strongly disagree ( ) D. Disagreed ( )
11. it is bad for one to report a friend who he or she has found cheating during and after examination A. strongly agree
( ) B. Agreed ( ) C. Strongly disagreed ( ) D. Disagreed ( )
12. If you are opportune, which of this way would you render assistance to your friend in an examination A. Open my work for him or her B. Pick up his/her answer script and write C. hand over any valued written material D. Others, please specify ………………………………………………….
13. How do you think the problem of examination malpractice be tackled ……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….. BY
OKAFOR GEORGE CHIBUZO
NTI/2013/2608
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